thebiggogl.blogg.se - Naming compounds organic chemistry calculator

Identify and name groups attached to this chain.Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain.Straight chain alkanes with n>3 is therefor called n-alkanes (n-butane, n-pentane etc.) to pinpoint that they are normal or unbranched.Īlkyl: An alkyl group is an alkane substituent missing one hydrogen, with general formula C nH 2n+1.įor branched alkanes the following rules are given to name them in a way that precisly describes their structure: All isomers have the same general formula C nH 2n+2. The names are obtained by adding the suffix -ane to the Greek root of the number of carbon atoms, prefixes given in the table below.Īlkanes with n>3 can form structural isomers, which means that the carbon chain with a given total carbon number n can be branched in different ways.The simplest alkane compound is methane, with n=1: CH 4 Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.Īlkanes which form a chain are called normal, straight chain or unbranched hydrocarbons. Alkanes are also called paraffins.Ĭycloalkane: A one-ring (monocyclic) saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula C nH 2n. More details about naming of the different classes of organic compounds, functional groups and examples of naming are given in the chapters below.Īlkane: An acyclic saturated hydrocarbon, with the general formula C nH 2n+2. The priority order and the suffixes of the different functional groups are given in the Functional group priority list.

When faced with more than one functional group you simply choose the group with the highest priority as the last name.

When faced with a single functional group it becomes the last name of the molecule. Prefixes of the different functional groups are given in the Functional group priority list.įunctional groups come in many forms, from the alcohol -OH groups to the carboxyl -CO2H. If many functional groups are present in a molecule, the groups with the lowest priority will be treated as substituents, and prefixes indicating the kind of functional groups are used. When more than one of the same substituent occurs, you have to use a new prefix to designate how many are present as follows:

Use the ending -yl to imply that this is a substituent.

Count the carbon atoms and apply the same designation used above.

Simple carbon branches are named similar to carbon parent chains. Substituents are side chains to the root carbon chain. The second name comes from the saturation of the parent chain, specifically the presence and location of double and triple bonds. But as long as the carbons are connected, this is considered the parent chain. Sometimes the root chain will be written in a simple manner and sometimes the chain will wind and twist. The root chain is the longest continuing carbon chain in a molecule. This is the first component to name and identify. This refers to the simple skeleton or backbone of the molecule, upon which all the functional groups and substituents are attached. The core skeleton of an organic compound is called its root or parent chain. In the naming process we start with the First name:

Suffix= last name: highest priority functional group.

Organic compounds follow a certain naming pattern (links directly to the compound classes) Acyl halides See also naming of inorganic binary compounds. This article gives definitions of the different classes of organic compounds and rules for their naming together with many examples of use of the naming rules. There are millions of different organic compounds and it is obvious that a systematic way of naming them is necessary.